# Alternatives to JavaScript --- %[https://youtu.be/TTqGfoQus04] --- JavaScript is written in **C++**, including engines like **Spider Monkey**, **V8**, **Chakra**, etc. JavaScript codes are compiled to machine codes, but C++ binding is used in runtime between the browser and the engine. Since browsers only support JavaScript, other programming languages can be transpiled to JavaScript before the C++ binding can be done successfully. > Codes can now be transpiled from languages like TypeScript, Dart, etc. to JavaScript then compiled to machine codes in the JavaScript engine *More on browsers and engines C++ binding later* Below are alternative languages to JavaScript: - [TypeScript](http://www.typescriptlang.org/) - [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/) - [Brython](https://brython.info/) - [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/js-overview.html) - [Dart](https://www.dartlang.org/) - [Flow](https://flow.org/) - [Elm](https://elm-lang.org) > It is advisable to know JavaScript fully well before learning other alternatives to JavaScript. A high-level language like JavaScript is abstracted from the machine level. Check out the [Freecodecamp article](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/understanding-the-core-of-nodejs-the-powerful-chrome-v8-engine-79e7eb8af964/) to learn more. --- [![Buy me a Coffee](https://res.cloudinary.com/bizstak/image/upload/v1610317510/ko-fi-trans_fr3su4.png)](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/techstackmedia) --- ### TechStack | Bluehost - Get a website with a free domain name for 1st year and a free **SSL** certificate. - 1-click WordPress install and 24/7 support. - Starting at $3.95/month. - 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee.